* Include the 18 ethnolinguistic groups indigenous to Mindanao namely: Ata Bagobo, Banwaon, Blaan, Bukidnon, Dibabawon, Higaunon or Talaandig, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Mang-guwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Subanon, Tagakaolo, T’boli, Tiruray and Ubo.

Based on the 1996 preliminary survey of the Office of Southern Cultural Communities, the total population of lumad/IPS in Mindanao could reach 7,165,432 or about 42% of Mindanao’s population. The estimates show that of the total lumads/IP population in Mindanao, 16% is in Region IX, 20% in Region X, 35% in Region XI, 12% in Region XII, 12% in Region XIII and 5% in ARMM.